主营:液压阀,液压泵,齿轮泵,压力开关
REXROTH 比例溢流阀 0811402016
REXROTH 比例溢流阀 0811402016产品介绍
溢流阀是一种液压压力控制阀,在液压设备中主要起定压溢流,稳压,系统卸荷和安全保护作用。溢流阀在装配或使用中,由于O形密封圈、组合密封圈的损坏,或者安装螺钉、管接头的松动,都可能造成不应有的外泄漏。
如果锥阀或主阀芯磨损过大,或者密封面接触不良,还将造成内泄漏过大,甚至影响正常工作。
力士乐比例溢流阀0811402016
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定压溢流作用:在定量泵节流调节系统中,定量泵提供的是恒定流量。当系统压力增大时,会使流量需求减小。此时溢流阀开启,使多余流量溢回油箱,保证溢流阀进口压力,即泵出口压力恒定(阀口常随压力波动开启)。
稳压作用:溢流阀串联在回油路上,溢流阀产生背压,运动部件平稳性增加。
系统卸荷作用:在溢流阀的遥控口串接溢小流量的电磁阀,当电磁铁通电时,溢流阀的遥控口通油箱,此时液压泵卸荷。溢流阀此时作为卸荷阀使用。
安全保护作用:系统正常工作时,阀门关闭。只有负载超过规定的极限(系统压力超过调定压力)时开启溢流,进行过载保护,使系统压力不再增加(通常使溢流阀的调定压力比系统工作压力高10%~20%)。
实际应用中一般有:作卸荷阀用,作远程调压阀,作高低压多级控制阀,作顺序阀,用于产生背压(串在回油路上)。
溢流阀一般有两种结构:1、直动型溢流阀 。2、先导式溢流阀。
对溢流阀的主要要求:调压范围大,调压偏差小,压力振摆小,动作灵敏,过载能力大,噪声小。
注意事项
噪声和振动
液压装置中容易产生噪声的元件一般认为是泵和阀,阀中又以溢流阀和电磁换向阀等为主。产生噪声的因素很多。溢流阀的噪声有流速声和机械声二种。流速声中主要由油液振动、空穴以及液压冲击等原因产生的噪声。机械声中主要由阀中零件的撞击和磨擦等原因产生的噪声。
(1)压力不均匀引起的噪声
先导型溢流阀的导阀部分是一个易振部位如图3所示。在高压情况下溢流时,导阀的轴向开口很小,仅0.003~0.006厘米。过流面积很小,流速很高,可达200米/秒,易引起压力分布不均匀,使锥阀径向力不平衡而产生振动。另外锥阀和锥阀座加工时产生的椭圆度、导阀口的脏物粘住及调压弹簧变形等,也会引起锥阀的振动。所以一般认为导阀是发生噪声的振源部位。
由于有弹性元件(弹簧)和运动质量(锥阀)的存在,构成了一个产生振荡的条件,而导阀前腔又起了一个共振腔的作用,所以锥阀发生振动后易引起整个阀的共振而发出噪声,发生噪声时一般多伴随有剧烈的压力跳动。
(2)空穴产生的噪声
当由于各种原因,空气被吸入油液中,或者在油液压力低于大气压时,溶解在油液中的部分空气就会析出形成气泡,这些气泡在低压区时体积较大,当随油液流到高压区时,受到压缩,体积突然变小或气泡消失;反之,如在高压区时体积本来较小,而当流到低压区时,体积突然增大,油中气泡体积这种急速改变的现象。气泡体积的突然改变会产生噪声,又由于这一过程发生在瞬间,将引起局部液压冲击而产生振动。先导式溢流阀的导阀口和主阀口,油液流速和压力的变化很大,很容易出现空穴现象,由此而产生噪声和振动。
(3)液压冲击产生的噪声
先导式溢流阀在卸荷时,会因液压回路的压力急骤下降而发生压力冲击噪声。愈是高压大容量的工作条件,这种冲击噪声愈大,这是由于溢流阀的卸荷时间很短而产生液压冲击所致在卸荷时,由于油流速急剧变化,引起压力突变,造成压力波的冲击。压力波是一个小的冲击波,本身产生的噪声很小,但随油液传到系统中,如果同任何一个机械零件发生共振,就可能加大振动和增强噪声。所以在发生液压冲击噪声时,一般多伴有系统振 动。
(4)机械噪声
先导式溢流阀发出的机械噪声,一般来自零件的撞击和由于加工误差等产生的零件磨擦。
在先导型溢流阀发出的噪声中,有时会有机械性的高频振动声,一般称它为自激振动声。这是主阀和导阀因高频振动而发生的声音。它的发生率与回油管道的配置、流量、压力、油温(粘度)等因素有关。一般情况下,管道口径小、流量少、压力高、油液粘度低,自激振动发生率就高。
预防措施
减小或消除先导式溢流阀噪声和振动的措施
一般是在导阀部分加置消振元件。
消振套一般固定在导阀前腔,即共振腔内,不能自由活动。
在消振套上都设有各种阻尼孔,以增加阻尼来消除震动。另外,由于共振腔中增加了零件,使共振腔的容积减小,油液在负压时刚度增加,根据刚度大的元件不易发生共振的原理,就能减少发生共振的可能性。
消振垫一般与共振腔活动配合,能自由运动。消振垫正反面都有一条节流槽,油液在流动时能产生阻尼作用,以改变原来的流动情况。由于消振垫的加入,增加了一个振动元件,扰乱了原来的共振频率。共振腔增加了消振垫,同样减少了容积,增加了油液受压时的刚度,以减少发生共振的可能性。
在消振螺堵上设有蓄气小孔和节流边,蓄气小孔中因留有空气,空气在受压时压缩,压缩空气具有吸振作用,相当于一个微型吸振器。小孔中空气压缩时,油液充入,膨胀时,油液压出,这样就增加了一个附加流动,以改变原来的流动情况。故也能减小或消除噪声和振动。